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September 17th 1944 - September 25th 1944
Created by Remco Hendriks | Market Garden Foundation

Commemorating

Polish Cross for Valour
On September 25th, 1944, the 27-year-old Polish paratrooper flew into battle aboard Glider 890 carrying anti-tank guns. Under heavy German fire, the glider crashed. Of the four crew aboard, only one survived. Zawistowski's body was never recovered.
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The largest airborne operation in history begins. Over 20,000 Allied paratroopers and glider troops land behind German lines in the Netherlands. The 1st Airborne Division drops near Arnhem, while American divisions secure bridges to the south.
Twin brother who ran through enemy fire to reach his wounded brother Tommy. Found lying side by side, they rest in adjacent graves at Oosterbeek. This database is dedicated to the Gronert twins.
Hit in the mouth by enemy fire at Oosterbeek Laag railway station, his cries for help drew his twin brother Claude to his side. They now rest in adjacent graves at Oosterbeek War Cemetery.

Lt. Col. Frost's men hold the north end of Arnhem Bridge against fierce German counterattacks. Relief forces struggle to break through. At Nijmegen and Eindhoven, American paratroopers fight to secure their objectives.
Wounded four times but refused evacuation. When a grenade landed among his comrades, he yelled 'grenade' and threw his body over it, sacrificing his life to save them.
Wounded while hunting German snipers, he was taken to a casualty station later overrun by SS troops. Witnesses believe he was murdered. His body was never found. He had said he would never be taken alive.
RAF pilots fly through heavy flak to resupply surrounded troops at Arnhem. Many drop zones are in German hands. The bridge defenders are running low on ammunition. Polish gliders bringing reinforcements are shot down.
His Dakota on fire, he ordered his crew to bail out while he continued the supply drop. He held the burning aircraft steady so the last man could jump, then went down with his plane over Arnhem.
Wounded in the face, then both arms, he reorganized his scattered company under heavy fire and personally led attacks on German positions. When cut off with a small party, he ordered his men to withdraw while he stayed behind alone with pistol and grenades to cover their escape. He was never seen again.
In a desperate gamble, American paratroopers cross the Waal River in canvas boats under withering fire. At Arnhem Bridge, the last defenders finally fall after four days. The perimeter at Oosterbeek shrinks.
Wounded in the shoulder on D-Day, again in the back on Day 3, he refused evacuation. On Day 4, he stood in full view of enemy tanks to direct his men's withdrawal. He was killed that night after four days of relentless fighting.
Crossed the Waal in the bow of his boat, firing his machine gun at German positions. When his gun was destroyed, he crawled within 15 yards of the enemy and destroyed their position with grenades before falling.
After four days of delays, the Polish Brigade finally drops at Driel, south of the Rhine. They land under fire in rapidly shrinking drop zones. The Oosterbeek perimeter contracts as German pressure intensifies.
Single-handedly stopped a German counterattack at Oosterhout. With his rocket launcher, he destroyed two tanks, killed nine Germans in a house with one round, then fell to a mortar shell while reloading.
At just 20, his Stirling bomber was attacked by German fighters after a supply drop. With his aircraft ablaze and heading toward the Dutch village of Batenburg, he deliberately steered away to crash into the River Meuse, saving hundreds of civilians. For 60 years, villagers have composed annual songs in his honor.
The Oosterbeek pocket becomes a desperate siege. Supplies dwindle. The wounded fill every house. Polish troops attempt night crossings of the Rhine to reinforce the perimeter, suffering heavy casualties.
Before the battle, he wrote: 'I loved you, Mom, you were the best Mother in the World... I want no flowers, no epitaph, no tears. All I want is for you to remember me and feel proud of me.' His farewell letter became famous.
An American from New Jersey who joined Polish Forces in 1940. At farm De Baarskamp, he moved forward to identify figures calling in English, wanting to prevent friendly fire. He was killed when a German attack suddenly began.
Polish troops continue desperate attempts to cross the Rhine and reinforce the British. Heavy casualties mount on both banks. In the corridor, American engineers race to build and defend vital bridges.
Led his engineers for 23 hours straight, building a critical bridge at Veghel under sniper fire. A Dutch engineer wrote: 'His calmness, especially in moments of danger, was remarkable.' He was killed by a sniper the next day.
Served under the name 'John P. Rodley' to hide his Jewish identity. Fighting against Nazi Germany, he carried the additional burden of knowing what capture might mean. His true name is now restored.
The decision is made to evacuate. Surviving troops prepare for withdrawal across the Rhine. In the perimeter, fighting continues house to house. The wounded who cannot be moved will be left behind.
An Irish immigrant, he attended Father Sampson's mass and told his buddies he had a feeling he wouldn't make it. They laughed it off. Two hours later, an 88mm shell took his life. 'All the men from his platoon cried.'
Murdered by SS-Sgt. Karl Lerche on the steps of the Municipal Hospital at Arnhem. A war crime that was documented and the perpetrator identified. Even hospitals offered no sanctuary.
Under cover of darkness and artillery, 2,400 survivors slip away across the Rhine. Canadian and British engineers ferry them in small boats. Many drown or are killed in the crossing. Over 6,000 are left behind.
Last seen rescuing his drowning commanding officer during the river crossing. His body was found in the Rhine weeks later. At just 19, he gave his life trying to save another. In 2003, his siblings finally visited his grave.
Operating Stormboat 1 to evacuate survivors, his boat took a direct mortar hit shortly after launching at 21:45. All four crew died instantly. His body was found in the river seven weeks later. He died trying to bring others home.
Go deeper into Operation Market Garden with detailed battlefield narratives, location photography, and historical context covering the entire operation—not just the nine days of combat.
Naast de militaire slachtoffers vielen er ook honderden burgers tijdens de Slag om Arnhem en omstreken. Ontdek hun verhalen in een eigen database met 640 geregistreerde personen.
In addition to military casualties, hundreds of civilians perished during the Battle of Arnhem. Explore their stories in a dedicated database of 640 registered persons. Dutch language only.
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John Ell, class of 1940, First Lieutenant of Parachute Infantry, wrote this letter to his parents, Rose and Adolph Ell, in his regimental headquarters located in an abandoned house in Normandy on June 23, 1944. My dear Mother, Father and Brother, Greetings and Salutations at long last. I suppose that the sight of the envelope bearing this epistle gave you a great feeling of relief. I\'d have written much sooner had time permitted. I\'ve been right up front, however, ever since D-day, and consequently have not had the chance to do anything but tend to immediate necessities, which have been many and pressing. I have wanted very much to write this letter, for I have been wishing to tell you a few things which, once told, will relieve my mind and make my peace perfect. It will be pretty hard to say what I wish to, but try hard to understand and perhaps my thoughts will be appreciated in the sense that I intend. To begin with, my dear Parents, I am now a veteran soldier, having gone through some of the toughest fighting of the war. You can gain some idea of it from the newspaper reports for the present, and, God willing, I\'ll tell you more some day. It has been a terrible yet wonderful experience, just what I wanted to get. So, I am richer in spirit that I was before. And I\'m proud, too, of being one who took an actual part in the Invasion of France. For, I believe, that military operation has brought the end of the war clearly into view. And bringing this infernal thing to a conclusion is, to my mind, the greatest work a man at present can devote himself to. The only thing that is - unpleasant - about this occupation is that in pursuing it, more or less people get killed, and one is never out from under the shadow of the Old Reaper. He has struck men down all around me, and once or twice, he has come within a hair of cutting my own stalk. Somehow, however, I have been spared. The best reason for that, which I can adduce, is your constant prayer, Mother. In any event, I have viewed the visage of death at close quarters. And that brings us to the important matter which I want to have you understand. All the time I have been in the battle, only one thing has disturbed my mind. I wanted to write you this letter before anything happened to me, for I have been afraid of the effect which news of my death might have on you, dearest Parents. Through this letter I hope to make you understand a couple of things, which, once understood, would take most of the sting out of that news, should it come some day in the future. First of all, my dearest Parents, - let me put it this way - as long as this war is the major event of the time, I would not be happy or satisfied in mind anywhere except in the middle of it. Why that should be I shall not go in to. (It is just a fact beyond argument or discussion that I, your son, would not be happy in a war plant, or Washington Officve, or any secure place like that) Naturally, this being the case, I am resigned to the possibility of a sudden and early death. And, I want you to realize that I am prepared to die should I have to. Let that sink into your mind now and think it over. I, myself, am ready and willing to meet my Maker any time he should call. I\'ve seen how it is to be killed on a battlefield, and believe me, my good Parents, it is a much better way to go than wasting with sickness, or pining with worry. The face of every dead man I\'ve seen was serene and composed; except for the absence of respiration they were merely peacefully sleeping. I have no fear of Death. (That is no boast, merely a statement of fact.) And after this letter is finished, there will be nothing more to worry me or disturb my serenity of mind. Now then, Mother and Father, understand this, can you receive news of my death with composure? and resignation? Naturally, my death would be much harder on you than it would be on me. But, it should not be a catastrophe to you, and that is what I am trying so desperately to explain to you with clarity and certainty. So, just read over what I have written until you feel you see the picture the same way I do. As a matter of fact, my dearest Folks, I am much better shape, having survived thus far, to see this thing through to a successful conclusion than I was before D-day. I\'m battlewise now, know the tricks and exercise a constant vigilance. All that remains is the element of chance, or, in other words, the Will of God. God willing I\'ll be home one day, otherwise, I won\'t. That is the stark fact that it must be squarely faced. As far as seeking a desk job far in the rear, that is out. To me, life spent in seeking more security is worthless. Just understand that, and everything else I\'ve said will be easy to apprehend. Now I\'ve said what I wanted to say and I\'m much relieved. I\'ll never speak on this subject again, and I don\'t want you to mention it. Just understand and that is all..?

